diff --git a/zcl/zclsyntax/expression_template_test.go b/zcl/zclsyntax/expression_template_test.go
index cf2be24..64274a7 100644
--- a/zcl/zclsyntax/expression_template_test.go
+++ b/zcl/zclsyntax/expression_template_test.go
@@ -128,6 +128,49 @@ trim`,
 			cty.StringVal("truetrimtrue"), // trimming is no-op of neighbors aren't literal strings
 			0,
 		},
+
+		{
+			`!{ if true ~} hello !{~ endif }`,
+			nil,
+			cty.StringVal("hello"),
+			0,
+		},
+		{
+			`!{ if false ~} hello !{~ endif}`,
+			nil,
+			cty.StringVal(""),
+			0,
+		},
+		{
+			`!{ if true ~} hello !{~ else ~} goodbye !{~ endif }`,
+			nil,
+			cty.StringVal("hello"),
+			0,
+		},
+		{
+			`!{ if false ~} hello !{~ else ~} goodbye !{~ endif }`,
+			nil,
+			cty.StringVal("goodbye"),
+			0,
+		},
+		{
+			`!{ if true ~} !{~ if false ~} hello !{~ else ~} goodbye !{~ endif ~} !{~ endif }`,
+			nil,
+			cty.StringVal("goodbye"),
+			0,
+		},
+		{
+			`!{ if false ~} !{~ if false ~} hello !{~ else ~} goodbye !{~ endif ~} !{~ endif }`,
+			nil,
+			cty.StringVal(""),
+			0,
+		},
+		{
+			`!{ of true ~} hello !{~ endif}`,
+			nil,
+			cty.UnknownVal(cty.String),
+			2, // "of" is not a valid control keyword, and "endif" is therefore also unexpected
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, test := range tests {
diff --git a/zcl/zclsyntax/keywords.go b/zcl/zclsyntax/keywords.go
index 83e1109..03af9f3 100644
--- a/zcl/zclsyntax/keywords.go
+++ b/zcl/zclsyntax/keywords.go
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ type Keyword []byte
 var forKeyword = Keyword([]byte{'f', 'o', 'r'})
 var inKeyword = Keyword([]byte{'i', 'n'})
 var ifKeyword = Keyword([]byte{'i', 'f'})
+var elseKeyword = Keyword([]byte{'e', 'l', 's', 'e'})
+var endifKeyword = Keyword([]byte{'e', 'n', 'd', 'i', 'f'})
+var endforKeyword = Keyword([]byte{'e', 'n', 'd', 'f', 'o', 'r'})
 
 func (kw Keyword) TokenMatches(token Token) bool {
 	if token.Type != TokenIdent {
diff --git a/zcl/zclsyntax/parser_template.go b/zcl/zclsyntax/parser_template.go
index 8f84176..c115d38 100644
--- a/zcl/zclsyntax/parser_template.go
+++ b/zcl/zclsyntax/parser_template.go
@@ -69,27 +69,29 @@ func (p *templateParser) parseRoot() ([]Expression, zcl.Diagnostics) {
 }
 
 func (p *templateParser) parseExpr() (Expression, zcl.Diagnostics) {
-	next := p.Read()
+	next := p.Peek()
 	switch tok := next.(type) {
 
 	case *templateLiteralToken:
+		p.Read() // eat literal
 		return &LiteralValueExpr{
 			Val:      cty.StringVal(tok.Val),
 			SrcRange: tok.SrcRange,
 		}, nil
 
 	case *templateInterpToken:
+		p.Read() // eat interp
 		return tok.Expr, nil
 
 	case *templateIfToken:
-		// TODO: implement
-		panic("template if token not yet implemented")
+		return p.parseIf()
 
 	case *templateForToken:
 		// TODO: implement
 		panic("template for token not yet implemented")
 
 	case *templateEndToken:
+		p.Read() // eat erroneous token
 		return errPlaceholderExpr(tok.SrcRange), zcl.Diagnostics{
 			{
 				// This is a particularly unhelpful diagnostic, so callers
@@ -103,6 +105,7 @@ func (p *templateParser) parseExpr() (Expression, zcl.Diagnostics) {
 		}
 
 	case *templateEndCtrlToken:
+		p.Read() // eat erroneous token
 		return errPlaceholderExpr(tok.SrcRange), zcl.Diagnostics{
 			{
 				Severity: zcl.DiagError,
@@ -118,6 +121,118 @@ func (p *templateParser) parseExpr() (Expression, zcl.Diagnostics) {
 	}
 }
 
+func (p *templateParser) parseIf() (Expression, zcl.Diagnostics) {
+	open := p.Read()
+	openIf, isIf := open.(*templateIfToken)
+	if !isIf {
+		// should never happen if caller is behaving
+		panic("parseIf called with peeker not pointing at if token")
+	}
+
+	var ifExprs, elseExprs []Expression
+	var diags zcl.Diagnostics
+	var endifRange zcl.Range
+
+	currentExprs := &ifExprs
+Token:
+	for {
+		next := p.Peek()
+		if end, isEnd := next.(*templateEndToken); isEnd {
+			diags = append(diags, &zcl.Diagnostic{
+				Severity: zcl.DiagError,
+				Summary:  "Unexpected end of template",
+				Detail: fmt.Sprintf(
+					"The if directive at %s is missing its corresponding endif directive.",
+					openIf.SrcRange,
+				),
+				Subject: &end.SrcRange,
+			})
+			return errPlaceholderExpr(end.SrcRange), diags
+		}
+		if end, isCtrlEnd := next.(*templateEndCtrlToken); isCtrlEnd {
+			p.Read() // eat end directive
+
+			switch end.Type {
+
+			case templateElse:
+				if currentExprs == &ifExprs {
+					currentExprs = &elseExprs
+					continue Token
+				}
+
+				diags = append(diags, &zcl.Diagnostic{
+					Severity: zcl.DiagError,
+					Summary:  "Unexpected else directive",
+					Detail: fmt.Sprintf(
+						"Already in the else clause for the if started at %s.",
+						openIf.SrcRange,
+					),
+					Subject: &end.SrcRange,
+				})
+
+			case templateEndIf:
+				endifRange = end.SrcRange
+				break Token
+
+			default:
+				diags = append(diags, &zcl.Diagnostic{
+					Severity: zcl.DiagError,
+					Summary:  fmt.Sprintf("Unexpected %s directive", end.Name()),
+					Detail: fmt.Sprintf(
+						"Expecting an endif directive for the if started at %s.",
+						openIf.SrcRange,
+					),
+					Subject: &end.SrcRange,
+				})
+			}
+
+			return errPlaceholderExpr(end.SrcRange), diags
+		}
+
+		expr, exprDiags := p.parseExpr()
+		diags = append(diags, exprDiags...)
+		*currentExprs = append(*currentExprs, expr)
+	}
+
+	if len(ifExprs) == 0 {
+		ifExprs = append(ifExprs, &LiteralValueExpr{
+			Val: cty.StringVal(""),
+			SrcRange: zcl.Range{
+				Filename: openIf.SrcRange.Filename,
+				Start:    openIf.SrcRange.End,
+				End:      openIf.SrcRange.End,
+			},
+		})
+	}
+	if len(elseExprs) == 0 {
+		elseExprs = append(elseExprs, &LiteralValueExpr{
+			Val: cty.StringVal(""),
+			SrcRange: zcl.Range{
+				Filename: endifRange.Filename,
+				Start:    endifRange.Start,
+				End:      endifRange.Start,
+			},
+		})
+	}
+
+	trueExpr := &TemplateExpr{
+		Parts:    ifExprs,
+		SrcRange: zcl.RangeBetween(ifExprs[0].Range(), ifExprs[len(ifExprs)-1].Range()),
+	}
+	falseExpr := &TemplateExpr{
+		Parts:    elseExprs,
+		SrcRange: zcl.RangeBetween(elseExprs[0].Range(), elseExprs[len(elseExprs)-1].Range()),
+	}
+
+	return &ConditionalExpr{
+		Condition:   openIf.CondExpr,
+		TrueResult:  trueExpr,
+		FalseResult: falseExpr,
+
+		SrcRange: zcl.RangeBetween(openIf.SrcRange, endifRange),
+	}, diags
+}
+
 func (p *templateParser) Peek() templateToken {
 	return p.Tokens[p.pos]
 }
@@ -214,8 +329,104 @@ Token:
 				Expr:     expr,
 				SrcRange: zcl.RangeBetween(next.Range, close.Range),
 			})
+
 		case TokenTemplateControl:
-			panic("template control sequences not yet supported")
+			// if the opener is !{~ then we want to eat any trailing whitespace
+			// in the preceding literal token, assuming it is indeed a literal
+			// token.
+			if canTrimPrev && len(next.Bytes) == 3 && next.Bytes[2] == '~' && len(parts) > 0 {
+				prevExpr := parts[len(parts)-1]
+				if lexpr, ok := prevExpr.(*templateLiteralToken); ok {
+					lexpr.Val = strings.TrimRightFunc(lexpr.Val, unicode.IsSpace)
+				}
+			}
+			p.PushIncludeNewlines(false)
+
+			kw := p.Peek()
+			if kw.Type != TokenIdent {
+				if !p.recovery {
+					diags = append(diags, &zcl.Diagnostic{
+						Severity: zcl.DiagError,
+						Summary:  "Invalid template control keyword",
+						Detail:   "A template control keyword (\"if\", \"for\", etc) is expected at the beginning of a !{ sequence.",
+						Subject:  &kw.Range,
+						Context:  zcl.RangeBetween(next.Range, kw.Range).Ptr(),
+					})
+				}
+				p.recover(TokenTemplateSeqEnd)
+				p.PopIncludeNewlines()
+				continue Token
+			}
+			p.Read() // eat keyword token
+
+			switch {
+
+			case ifKeyword.TokenMatches(kw):
+				condExpr, exprDiags := p.ParseExpression()
+				diags = append(diags, exprDiags...)
+				parts = append(parts, &templateIfToken{
+					CondExpr: condExpr,
+					SrcRange: zcl.RangeBetween(next.Range, p.NextRange()),
+				})
+
+			case elseKeyword.TokenMatches(kw):
+				parts = append(parts, &templateEndCtrlToken{
+					Type:     templateElse,
+					SrcRange: zcl.RangeBetween(next.Range, p.NextRange()),
+				})
+
+			case endifKeyword.TokenMatches(kw):
+				parts = append(parts, &templateEndCtrlToken{
+					Type:     templateEndIf,
+					SrcRange: zcl.RangeBetween(next.Range, p.NextRange()),
+				})
+
+			default:
+				if !p.recovery {
+					suggestions := []string{"if", "for", "else", "endif", "endfor"}
+					given := string(kw.Bytes)
+					suggestion := nameSuggestion(given, suggestions)
+					if suggestion != "" {
+						suggestion = fmt.Sprintf(" Did you mean %q?", suggestion)
+					}
+
+					diags = append(diags, &zcl.Diagnostic{
+						Severity: zcl.DiagError,
+						Summary:  "Invalid template control keyword",
+						Detail:   fmt.Sprintf("%q is not a valid template control keyword.%s", given, suggestion),
+						Subject:  &kw.Range,
+						Context:  zcl.RangeBetween(next.Range, kw.Range).Ptr(),
+					})
+				}
+				p.recover(TokenTemplateSeqEnd)
+				p.PopIncludeNewlines()
+				continue Token
+
+			}
+
+			close := p.Peek()
+			if close.Type != TokenTemplateSeqEnd {
+				if !p.recovery {
+					diags = append(diags, &zcl.Diagnostic{
+						Severity: zcl.DiagError,
+						Summary:  fmt.Sprintf("Extra characters in %s marker", kw.Bytes),
+						Detail:   "Expected a closing brace to end the sequence, but found extra characters.",
+						Subject:  &close.Range,
+						Context:  zcl.RangeBetween(startRange, close.Range).Ptr(),
+					})
+				}
+				p.recover(TokenTemplateSeqEnd)
+			} else {
+				p.Read() // eat closing brace
+
+				// If the closer is ~} then we want to eat any leading
+				// whitespace on the next token, if it turns out to be a
+				// literal token.
+				if len(close.Bytes) == 2 && close.Bytes[0] == '~' {
+					ltrimNext = true
+				}
+			}
+			p.PopIncludeNewlines()
 
 		default:
 			if !p.recovery {