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190 lines
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<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 8 (8.0.53) - Apache Portable Runtime (APR) based Native library for Tomcat</title><meta name="author" content="Remy Maucherat"><script type="application/javascript" data-comments-identifier="tomcat-8.0-doc/apr">
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</script></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 8</h1><div class="versionInfo">
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Version 8.0.53,
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<time datetime="2018-06-29">Jun 29 2018</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="extras.html">27) Additional Components</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">28) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">29) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">30) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">31) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">32) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">33) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">34) Rewrite</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/TomcatVersions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="funcspecs/index.html">Functional Specs.</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Apache Portable Runtime (APR) based Native library for Tomcat</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
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<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Installation">Installation</a><ol><li><a href="#Windows">Windows</a></li><li><a href="#Linux">Linux</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#APR_Components">APR Components</a></li><li><a href="#APR_Lifecycle_Listener_Configuration">APR Lifecycle Listener Configuration</a><ol><li><a href="#AprLifecycleListener">AprLifecycleListener</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#APR_Connectors_Configuration">APR Connectors Configuration</a><ol><li><a href="#HTTP/HTTPS">HTTP/HTTPS</a></li><li><a href="#AJP">AJP</a></li></ol></li></ul>
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</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
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<p>
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Tomcat can use the <a href="https://apr.apache.org/">Apache Portable Runtime</a> to
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provide superior scalability, performance, and better integration with native server
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technologies. The Apache Portable Runtime is a highly portable library that is at
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the heart of Apache HTTP Server 2.x. APR has many uses, including access to advanced IO
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functionality (such as sendfile, epoll and OpenSSL), OS level functionality (random number
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generation, system status, etc), and native process handling (shared memory, NT
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pipes and Unix sockets).
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</p>
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<p>
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These features allows making Tomcat a general purpose webserver, will enable much better
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integration with other native web technologies, and overall make Java much more viable as
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a full fledged webserver platform rather than simply a backend focused technology.
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</p>
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</div><h3 id="Installation">Installation</h3><div class="text">
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<p>
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APR support requires three main native components to be installed:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>APR library</li>
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<li>JNI wrappers for APR used by Tomcat (libtcnative)</li>
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<li>OpenSSL libraries</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Windows">Windows</h4><div class="text">
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<p>
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Windows binaries are provided for tcnative-1, which is a statically compiled .dll which includes
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OpenSSL and APR. It can be downloaded from <a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/download-native.cgi">here</a>
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as 32bit or AMD x86-64 binaries.
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In security conscious production environments, it is recommended to use separate shared dlls
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for OpenSSL, APR, and libtcnative-1, and update them as needed according to security bulletins.
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Windows OpenSSL binaries are linked from the <a href="https://www.openssl.org">Official OpenSSL
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website</a> (see related/binaries).
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</p>
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</div></div>
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<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Linux">Linux</h4><div class="text">
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<p>
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Most Linux distributions will ship packages for APR and OpenSSL. The JNI wrapper (libtcnative) will
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then have to be compiled. It depends on APR, OpenSSL, and the Java headers.
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</p>
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<p>
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Requirements:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>APR 1.2+ development headers (libapr1-dev package)</li>
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<li>OpenSSL 0.9.7+ development headers (libssl-dev package)</li>
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<li>JNI headers from Java compatible JDK 1.4+</li>
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<li>GNU development environment (gcc, make)</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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The wrapper library sources are located in the Tomcat binary bundle, in the
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<code>bin/tomcat-native.tar.gz</code> archive.
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Once the build environment is installed and the source archive is extracted, the wrapper library
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can be compiled using (from the folder containing the configure script):
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</p>
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<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>./configure && make && make install</code></pre></div>
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</div></div>
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</div><h3 id="APR_Components">APR Components</h3><div class="text">
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<p>
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Once the libraries are properly installed and available to Java (if loading fails, the library path
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will be displayed), the Tomcat connectors will automatically use APR. Configuration of the connectors
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is similar to the regular connectors, but have a few extra attributes which are used to configure
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APR components. Note that the defaults should be well tuned for most use cases, and additional
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tweaking shouldn't be required.
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</p>
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<p>
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When APR is enabled, the following features are also enabled in Tomcat:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Secure session ID generation by default on all platforms (platforms other than Linux required
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random number generation using a configured entropy)</li>
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<li>OS level statistics on memory usage and CPU usage by the Tomcat process are displayed by
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the status servlet</li>
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</ul>
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</div><h3 id="APR_Lifecycle_Listener_Configuration">APR Lifecycle Listener Configuration</h3><div class="text">
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<div class="subsection"><h4 id="AprLifecycleListener">AprLifecycleListener</h4><div class="text">
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<table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
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Attribute
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</th><th style="width: 85%;">
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Description
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</th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">SSLEngine</code></td><td>
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<p>
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Name of the SSLEngine to use. off: Do not use SSL, on: Use SSL but no specific ENGINE.
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The default value is <b>on</b>.
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This initializes the native SSL engine, then enable the use of this engine in the connector
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using the <code>SSLEnabled</code> attribute. Example:
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</p>
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<div class="codeBox"><pre><code><Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" /></code></pre></div>
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<p>See the <a href="http://www.openssl.org">Official OpenSSL
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website</a> for more details on SSL hardware engines and manufacturers.
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</p>
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</td></tr></table>
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</div></div>
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</div><h3 id="APR_Connectors_Configuration">APR Connectors Configuration</h3><div class="text">
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<div class="subsection"><h4 id="HTTP/HTTPS">HTTP/HTTPS</h4><div class="text">
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<p>For HTTP configuration, see the <a href="config/http.html">HTTP</a>
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connector configuration documentation.</p>
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<p>For HTTPS configuration, see the
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<a href="config/http.html#SSL_Support">HTTPS</a> connector configuration
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documentation.</p>
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<p>An example SSL Connector declaration is:</p>
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<div class="codeBox"><pre><code><Connector port="443" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192"
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maxThreads="150"
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enableLookups="false" disableUploadTimeout="true"
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acceptCount="100" scheme="https" secure="true"
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SSLEnabled="true"
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SSLCertificateFile="${catalina.base}/conf/localhost.crt"
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SSLCertificateKeyFile="${catalina.base}/conf/localhost.key" /></code></pre></div>
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</div></div>
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<div class="subsection"><h4 id="AJP">AJP</h4><div class="text">
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<p>For AJP configuration, see the <a href="config/ajp.html">AJP</a>
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connector configuration documentation.</p>
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</div></div>
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</div><div class="noprint"><h3 id="comments_section">
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Comments
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</h3><div class="text"><p class="notice"><strong>Notice: </strong>This comments section collects your suggestions
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on improving documentation for Apache Tomcat.<br><br>
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If you have trouble and need help, read
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and ask your question on the tomcat-users
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<a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html">mailing list</a>.
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Do not ask such questions here. This is not a Q&A section.<br><br>
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The Apache Comments System is explained <a href="./comments.html">here</a>.
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Comments may be removed by our moderators if they are either
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implemented or considered invalid/off-topic.
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