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<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 8 (8.0.53) - CGI How To</title><script type="application/javascript" data-comments-identifier="tomcat-8.0-doc/cgi-howto">
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</script></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 8</h1><div class="versionInfo">
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Version 8.0.53,
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<time datetime="2018-06-29">Jun 29 2018</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="extras.html">27) Additional Components</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">28) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">29) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">30) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">31) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">32) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">33) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">34) Rewrite</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/TomcatVersions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="funcspecs/index.html">Functional Specs.</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>CGI How To</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
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<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#Configuration">Configuration</a></li></ul>
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</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
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<p>The CGI (Common Gateway Interface) defines a way for a web server to
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interact with external content-generating programs, which are often
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referred to as CGI programs or CGI scripts.
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</p>
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<p>Within Tomcat, CGI support can be added when you are using Tomcat as your
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HTTP server and require CGI support. Typically this is done
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during development when you don't want to run a web server like
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Apache httpd.
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Tomcat's CGI support is largely compatible with Apache httpd's,
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but there are some limitations (e.g., only one cgi-bin directory).
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</p>
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<p>CGI support is implemented using the servlet class
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<code>org.apache.catalina.servlets.CGIServlet</code>. Traditionally,
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this servlet is mapped to the URL pattern "/cgi-bin/*".</p>
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<p>By default CGI support is disabled in Tomcat.</p>
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</div><h3 id="Installation">Installation</h3><div class="text">
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<p><strong>CAUTION</strong> - CGI scripts are used to execute programs
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external to the Tomcat JVM. If you are using the Java SecurityManager this
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will bypass your security policy configuration in <code>catalina.policy.</code></p>
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<p>To enable CGI support:</p>
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<ol>
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<li><p>There are commented-out sample servlet and servlet-mapping elements for
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CGI servlet in the default <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/web.xml</code> file.
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To enable CGI support in your web application, copy that servlet and
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servlet-mapping declarations into <code>WEB-INF/web.xml</code> file of your
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web application.</p>
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<p>Uncommenting the servlet and servlet-mapping in
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<code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/web.xml</code> file enables CGI for all installed
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web applications at once.</p>
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</li>
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<li><p>Set <code>privileged="true"</code> on the Context element for your
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web application.</p>
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<p>Only Contexts which are marked as privileged are allowed to use the
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CGI servlet. Note that modifying the global <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/context.xml</code>
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file affects all web applications. See
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<a href="config/context.html">Context documentation</a> for details.</p>
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</li>
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</ol>
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</div><h3 id="Configuration">Configuration</h3><div class="text">
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<p>There are several servlet init parameters which can be used to
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configure the behaviour of the CGI servlet.</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>cgiPathPrefix</strong> - The CGI search path will start at
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the web application root directory + File.separator + this prefix.
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By default there is no value, which results in the web application root
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directory being used as the search path. The recommended value is
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<code>WEB-INF/cgi</code></li>
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<li><strong>enableCmdLineArguments</strong> - Are command line parameters
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generated from the query string as per section 4.4 of 3875 RFC? The default is
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<code>true</code>.</li>
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<li><strong>environment-variable-</strong> - An environment to be set for the
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execution environment of the CGI script. The name of variable is taken from the
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parameter name. To configure an environment variable named FOO, configure a
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parameter named environment-variable-FOO. The parameter value is used as the
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environment variable value. The default is no environment variables.</li>
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<li><strong>executable</strong> - The name of the executable to be used to
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run the script. You may explicitly set this parameter to be an empty string
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if your script is itself executable (e.g. an exe file). Default is
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<code>perl</code>.</li>
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<li><strong>executable-arg-1</strong>, <strong>executable-arg-2</strong>,
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and so on - additional arguments for the executable. These precede the
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CGI script name. By default there are no additional arguments.</li>
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<li><strong>envHttpHeaders</strong> - A regular expression used to select the
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HTTP headers passed to the CGI process as environment variables. Note that
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headers are converted to upper case before matching and that the entire header
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name must match the pattern. Default is
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<code>ACCEPT[-0-9A-Z]*|CACHE-CONTROL|COOKIE|HOST|IF-[-0-9A-Z]*|REFERER|USER-AGENT</code>
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</li>
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<li><strong>parameterEncoding</strong> - Name of the parameter encoding
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to be used with the CGI servlet. Default is
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<code>System.getProperty("file.encoding","UTF-8")</code>. That is the system
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default encoding, or UTF-8 if that system property is not available.</li>
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<li><strong>passShellEnvironment</strong> - Should the shell environment
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variables from Tomcat process (if any) be passed to the CGI script? Default is
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<code>false</code>.</li>
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<li><strong>stderrTimeout</strong> - The time (in milliseconds) to wait for
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the reading of stderr to complete before terminating the CGI process. Default
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is <code>2000</code>.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>The CGI script executed depends on the configuration of the CGI Servlet and
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how the request is mapped to the CGI Servlet. The CGI search path starts at the
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web application root directory + File.separator + cgiPathPrefix. The
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<strong>pathInfo</strong> is then searched unless it is <code>null</code> - in
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which case the <strong>servletPath</strong> is searched.</p>
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<p>The search starts with the first path segment and expands one path segment
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at a time until no path segments are left (resulting in a 404) or a script is
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found. Any remaining path segments are passed to the script in the
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<strong>PATH_INFO</strong> environment variable.</p>
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</div><div class="noprint"><h3 id="comments_section">
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Comments
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</h3><div class="text"><p class="notice"><strong>Notice: </strong>This comments section collects your suggestions
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on improving documentation for Apache Tomcat.<br><br>
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If you have trouble and need help, read
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<a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/findhelp.html">Find Help</a> page
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and ask your question on the tomcat-users
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<a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html">mailing list</a>.
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